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Impact of anthropogenic heat emissions on meteorological parameters and air quality in Beijing using a high-resolution

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1478-3

摘要：

The Large scale Urban Consumption of energ Y model was updated and coupled with WRF.

关键词： Anthropogenic heat emissions LUCY High-resolution Meteorological parameters Air quality

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Efficient, high-resolution topology optimization method based on convolutional neural networks

Liang XUE, Jie LIU, Guilin WEN, Hongxin WANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第1期页码 80-96 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0614-2

摘要： Topology optimization is a pioneer design method that can provide various candidates with high mechanical properties. However, high resolution is desired for optimum structures, but it normally leads to a computationally intractable puzzle, especially for the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method. In this study, an efficient, high-resolution topology optimization method is developed based on the super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN) technique in the framework of SIMP. SRCNN involves four processes, namely, refinement, path extraction and representation, nonlinear mapping, and image reconstruction. High computational efficiency is achieved with a pooling strategy that can balance the number of finite element analyses and the output mesh in the optimization process. A combined treatment method that uses 2D SRCNN is built as another speed-up strategy to reduce the high computational cost and memory requirements for 3D topology optimization problems. Typical examples show that the high-resolution topology optimization method using SRCNN demonstrates excellent applicability and high efficiency when used for 2D and 3D problems with arbitrary boundary conditions, any design domain shape, and varied load.

关键词： topology optimization convolutional neural network high resolution density-based

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Bridging finite element and deep learning: High-resolution stress distribution prediction in structural

Hamed BOLANDI; Xuyang LI; Talal SALEM; Vishnu Naresh BODDETI; Nizar LAJNEF

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期页码 1365-1377 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0882-5

摘要： Finite-element analysis (FEA) for structures has been broadly used to conduct stress analysis of various civil and mechanical engineering structures. Conventional methods, such as FEA, provide high fidelity results but require the solution of large linear systems that can be computationally intensive. Instead, Deep Learning (DL) techniques can generate results significantly faster than conventional run-time analysis. This can prove extremely valuable in real-time structural assessment applications. Our proposed method uses deep neural networks in the form of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to bypass the FEA and predict high-resolution stress distributions on loaded steel plates with variable loading and boundary conditions. The CNN was designed and trained to use the geometry, boundary conditions, and load as input to predict the stress contours. The proposed technique’s performance was compared to finite-element simulations using a partial differential equation (PDE) solver. The trained DL model can predict the stress distributions with a mean absolute error of 0.9% and an absolute peak error of 0.46% for the von Mises stress distribution. This study shows the feasibility and potential of using DL techniques to bypass FEA for stress analysis applications.

关键词： Deep Learning finite element analysis stress contours structural components

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广域电磁法和拟流场法精细探测技术——以井工一矿水害探测为例 Article

何继善

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第5期页码 667-675 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.09.006

摘要：

井工一矿存在严重的老空区和水害。以往的单一勘探方法，如地震法、直流电法、音频大地电磁法、可控源音频大地电磁法、瞬变电磁法等，均未能探明老采空区范围和水害赋存情况。为了解决这个难题，联合采用广域电磁法和井- 地拟流场法的三位一体立体式探测技术，并利用三维反演电阻率资料精准获取富水区域和采空区的位置，确定了不同层位水的连通性，为井工一矿的安全生产提供了可靠的技术保障。结果合理、成效显著，释放了近4 km² 的可采面积。

关键词：广域电磁法拟流场法采空区富水性精细探测

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Urban landscape classification using Chinese advanced high-resolution satellite imagery and an object-oriented

Li-gang MA,Jin-song DENG,Huai YANG,Yang HONG,Ke WANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第3期页码 238-248 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400083

摘要： The Chinese ZY-1 02C satellite is one of the most advanced high-resolution earth observation systems designed for terrestrial resource monitoring. Its capability for comprehensive landscape classification, especially in urban areas, has been under constant study. In view of the limited spectral resolution of the ZY-1 02C satellite (three bands), and the complexity and heterogeneity across urban environments, we attempt to test its performance of urban landscape classification by combining a multivariable model with an object-oriented approach. The multiple variables including spectral reflection, texture, spatial autocorrelation, impervious surface fraction, vegetation, and geometry indexes were first calculated and selected using forward stepwise linear discriminant analysis and applied in the following object-oriented classification process. Comprehensive accuracy assessment which adopts traditional error matrices with stratified random samples and polygon area consistency (PAC) indexes was then conducted to examine the real area agreement between a classified polygon and its references. Results indicated an overall classification accuracy of 92.63% and a kappa statistic of 0.9124. Furthermore, the proposed PAC index showed that more than 82% of all polygons were correctly classified. Misclassification occurred mostly between residential area and barren/farmland. The presented method and the Chinese ZY-1 02C satellite imagery are robust and effective for urban landscape classification.

关键词： ZY-1 02C satellite Classification Urban Multi-variable model

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High resolution satellite imaging sensors for precision agriculture

Chenghai YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第4期页码 393-405 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018226

摘要：

The central concept of precision agriculture is to manage within-field soil and crop growth variability for more efficient use of farming inputs. Remote sensing has been an integral part of precision agriculture since the farming technology started developing in the mid to late 1980s. Various types of remote sensors carried on ground-based platforms, manned aircraft, satellites, and more recently, unmanned aircraft have been used for precision agriculture applications. Original satellite sensors, such as Landsat and SPOT, have commonly been used for agricultural applications over large geographic areas since the 1970s, but they have limited use for precision agriculture because of their relatively coarse spatial resolution and long revisit time. Recent developments in high resolution satellite sensors have significantly narrowed the gap in spatial resolution between satellite imagery and airborne imagery. Since the first high resolution satellite sensor IKONOS was launched in 1999, numerous commercial high resolution satellite sensors have become available. These imaging sensors not only provide images with high spatial resolution, but can also repeatedly view the same target area. The high revisit frequency and fast data turnaround time, combined with their relatively large aerial coverage, make high resolution satellite sensors attractive for many applications, including precision agriculture. This article will provide an overview of commercially available high resolution satellite sensors that have been used or have potential for precision agriculture. The applications of these sensors for precision agriculture are reviewed and application examples based on the studies conducted by the author and his collaborators are provided to illustrate how high resolution satellite imagery has been used for crop identification, crop yield variability mapping and pest management. Some challenges and future directions on the use of high resolution satellite sensors and other types of remote sensors for precision agriculture are discussed.

关键词： high resolution satellite sensor multispectral imagery precision agriculture spatial resolution temporal resolution

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Hydrothermal synthesis of crystalline α-/β-MnO2 nanorods via γ-MnOOH nanorod precursors

ZHANG Weixin, REN Xiangbin, YANG Zeheng, WANG Hua, WANG Qiang, HUANG Fei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 365-371 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0066-9

摘要： The crystalline -MnO and -MnO nanorods have been successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal method from -MnOOH nanorods precursor, respectively. The samples were characterized by means of X-ray diff raction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Fourier transformed infrared spectra (FTIR). The morphology and structure of -MnOOH nanorods precursors have a great influence on the crystal structure of the obtained products. The -MnO nanorods are prepared from the 100°C -MnOOH precursor, while the -MnO nanorods are obtained from the 150°C -MnOOH precursor, respectively. Besides, the catalytic activity of the prepared -MnO and -MnO nanorods for the HO decomposition has been investigated comparatively, and the latter shows better catalytic activity.

关键词： obtained -MnOOH precursor Besides high-resolution transmission precursor

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Characterization of submicron aerosols in the urban outflow of the central Pearl River Delta region of China

Zhaoheng GONG, Zijuan LAN, Lian XUE, Liwu ZENG, Lingyan HE, Xiaofeng HUANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 725-733 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0441-8

摘要： Submicron aerosol particles (with aerodynamic diameters less than 1 μm, PM ) were sampled and measured in Heshan, an urban outflow site of Guangzhou megacity in Pearl River Delta in South China, using an Aerodyne High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) in November 2010 during 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. The mean PM mass concentration measured was 47.9±17.0 μg·m during the campaign, with organic aerosol (OA) and sulfate being the two dominant species, accounting for 36.3% and 20.9% of the total mass, respectively, followed by black carbon (17.1%, measured by an aethalometer), nitrate (12.9%), ammonium (9.6%) and chloride (3.1%). The average size distributions of the species (except black carbon) were dominated by an accumulation mode peaking at ~550 nm. Calculations based on high-resolution organic mass spectrum showed that, C, H, O and N on average contributed 58.1%, 7.3%, 30.7%, and 3.9% to the total organic mass, respectively. The average ratio of organic mass over organic carbon mass (OM/OC) was 1.73±0.08. Four components of OA were identified by the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis, including a hydrocarbon-like (HOA), a biomass burning (BBOA) and two oxygenated (SV-OOA and LV-OOA) organic aerosol components, which on average accounted for 18.0%, 14.3%, 28.8% and 38.9% of the total organic mass, respectively.

关键词： organic aerosol high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) positive matrix factorization

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高分辨率光谱视频采集 Review

Lin-sen CHEN, Tao YUE, Xun CAO, Zhan MA, David J. BRADY

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第9期页码 1250-1260 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700098

摘要：与传统视频采集技术相比，高分辨率光谱视频采集技术能够为精细农业、环境监测、遥感、军事刑侦等诸多重要领域提供高维度、高精度场景特征信息。传统光谱仪主要采用的扫描系统无法满足动态场景下的采集需求，从而限制了光谱成像技术的应用范围。近来，得益于计算摄像理论和半导体技术的快速发展，光谱视频采集技术成为可能。本文首先详细介绍了传统光谱仪的基本理论与工作原理。其次，针对光谱视频采集的核心问题，从成像理论、系统结构、关键器件等方面回顾了近年出现的瞬拍式光谱采集技术。从进一步提升光谱视频采集精度的角度出发，通过主观质量评价与客观指标比较，分析和总结了各光谱成像系统的性能优势与弊端，同时讨论了计算摄像理论、半导体制备工艺对光谱视频采集技术发展的关键作用。

关键词：多光谱/高光谱视频采集；单次曝光；采样与重建

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Experimental study on low temperature thermal treatment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in fly ash

YAN Jianhua, CHEN Tong, LU Shengyong, LI Xiaodong, GU Yueling, CEN Kefa

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 280-284 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0039-1

摘要： The effects of temperature and time on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) distribution in fly ash of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) were studied in a tubular oven under nitrogen atmosphere. The PCDD/Fs in the gas phase and solid phase were detected by high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/LRMS) se para tely. The experimental results showed that the major congener was octa-chlorinated dibenzo--dioxin (OCDD) in the gas phase and the low chlorinated congeners were the major products in the solid phase. There were high levels of OCDD in the gas phase in several experimental conditions although the PCDD/Fs in the solid phase could be decomposed. The optimum condition for PCDD/Fs decomposition in fly ash was a heating time of 60 min at 400 vH under nitrogen atmosphere.

关键词： congener polychlorinated temperature chromatography high-resolution

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遥感和精准农业技术在作物病害检测与管理中的应用实例 Review

杨成海

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第5期页码 528-532 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.10.015

摘要：

长期以来，遥感技术一直被应用于作物病害的检测和地图绘制工作。在作物生长季节获得的机载和卫星图像不仅可以用于某些病害的早期发现和季节内管理，还可用于未来季节中复发性病害的管控。尽管传统的地毯式杀虫剂施用更适于对付能够迅速在田间传播的病害，然而，在作物病害稳定的情况下，精准农业中的变量控制技术（VRT）亦可以有针对性地对受感染地区的作物有效施用杀菌剂。本文简述了已用于作物病害检测和管理的遥感技术和精准农业技术。具体来说，本文详细阐明了利用机载技术、卫星图像和VRT在棉田中检测棉花根腐病（一种破坏性的土壤传播性真菌病）和绘制分布地图的原理，介绍了从图像中提取处方图以施用定点杀菌剂并有效控制作物病害的方法。本文介绍的案例和方法力图为研究人员、推广人员、种植者、作物顾问、农场设备和化学品经销商提供有关遥感检测和有效管理某些作物病害的实用指南。

关键词：作物病害机载成像高分辨率卫星成像棉花根腐病处方图变量控制技术

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Multiscale RBF-based central high resolution schemes for simulation of generalized thermoelasticity problems

Hassan YOUSEFI, Alireza TAGHAVI KANI, Iradj MAHMOUDZADEH KANI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 429-455 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0483-5

摘要： In this study, average-interpolating radial basis functions (RBFs) are successfully integrated with central high-resolution schemes to achieve a higher-order central method. This proposed method is used for simulation of generalized coupled thermoelasticity problems including shock (singular) waves in their solutions. The thermoelasticity problems include the LS (systems with one relaxation parameter) and GN (systems without energy dissipation) theories with constant and variable coefficients. In the central high resolution formulation, RBFs lead to a reconstruction with the optimum recovery with minimized roughness on each cell: this is essential for oscillation-free reconstructions. To guarantee monotonic reconstructions at cell-edges, the nonlinear scaling limiters are used. Such reconstructions, finally, lead to the total variation bounded (TVB) feature. As RBFs work satisfactory on non-uniform cells/grids, the proposed central scheme can handle adapted cells/grids. To have cost effective and accurate simulations, the multiresolution–based grid adaptation approach is then integrated with the RBF-based central scheme. Effects of condition numbers of RBFs, computational complexity and cost of the proposed scheme are studied. Finally, different 1-D coupled thermoelasticity benchmarks are presented. There, performance of the adaptive RBF-based formulation is compared with that of the adaptive Kurganov-Tadmor (KT) second-order central high-resolution scheme with the total variation diminishing (TVD) property.

关键词： central high resolution schemes RBFs higher order accuracy generalized thermoelasticity multiresolution-based adaptation

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联合卫星重力、卫星测高及陆地重力异常构建高分辨率地球重力场模型SGG-UGM-2 Article

梁伟, 李建成, 徐新禹, 张胜军, 赵永奇

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第8期页码 860-878 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.008

摘要：

本文采用椭球谐分析方法构建了一个新的2190阶地球重力场模型SGG-UGM-2，使用的数据包括卫星重力观测数据[重力场与海洋环流探测卫星（Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer, GOCE）和重力场与气候实验卫星（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, GRACE）]、卫星测高数据和EGM2008 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008)模型重力异常数据。首先，基于椭球谐分析和系数转换方法（ellipsoidal harmonic analysis and coefficient transformation, EHA-CT），推导了适用于点值和均值重力异常的一套严密积分公式和最小二乘计算公式，改正了Rapp和Pavlis 1990年积分公式中的错误，并通过数值模拟试验证明了本文推导公式的严密性。然后，使用GOCE、GRACE、多代卫星测高数据和EGM2008重力异常数据计算了2190阶2159次的重力场模型SGGUGM-2，其中251阶到2190阶2159次模型系数是用全球地面重力异常数据集（包含海洋重力数据）采用块对角最小二乘方法解算，而2~250阶系数是联合卫星（GRACE和GOCE）和地面重力异常法方程采用严格最小二乘法计算，并采用方差分量估计方法确定不同观测数据的相对权。最后，使用中国和美国区域的全球定位系统（global positioning system, GPS）/水准数据对模型进行了检核。结果表明，SGG-UGM-2与国际权威模型EIGEN-6C4的精度相当，在中国的精度明显优于EGM2008，整体精度优于GECO模型，与SGG-UGM-1模型相比，其精度在中国和美国均有提升。

关键词：重力场模型 GOCE GRACE 卫星测高块对角最小二乘法

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中国首个地基高分辨率傅里叶变换光谱观测站的大气成分长期观测研究 Article

刘诚, 孙友文, 单唱功, 王薇, Justus Notholt, Mathias Palm, 殷昊, 田园, 高吉熹, 毛慧琴

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 201-214 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.022

摘要：

长期观测主要大气成分的体积混合比（VMR）廓线和柱总量对掌握中国气候变化和碳收支具有重要意义。本文对我国首个全球碳总柱观测网（TCCON）高分辨率傅里叶变换光谱仪（FTS）地基观测站，即合肥观测站开展了系统性研究。该观测站可观测30多种大气成分的柱总量和VMR廓线。本文公布了2014年以来合肥观测站观测到的部分关键大气成分的时间序列，总结了迄今为止该站点取得的主要研究成果，包括光谱反演表征和归一化、关键大气成分的总体演变特征、排放估计、卫星和化学传输模式（CTM）校验以及对大气污染来源和传输的相关研究。同时，本文还对合肥观测站的观测、科学研究和未来研究计划进行了展望。中国明确提出2030年二氧化碳排放达到峰值，2060年实现碳中和。合肥观测站将为中国政府制定绿色经济政策、实现碳中和及《巴黎协定》目标提供科学支撑。

关键词：遥感傅里叶变换大气污染温室气体气候变化

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基于HY-2高度计波形数据的高分辨率有效波高反演算法研究

王桂忠,张杰,苗洪利,李国强,王鑫

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第6期页码 60-64

摘要：

有效波高是描述海况的重要参量之一，利用高度计遥感获取有效波高已在海洋研究中获得广泛应用。本文基于海洋二号（HY-2）卫星高度计波形数据，发展了一种高分辨率有效波高反演算法，采用中误差对反演得到的20 Hz有效波高进行筛选，有效提高了测量精度。通过该方法对1 个轨的波形数据进行有效波高反演，统计结果表明：与针对1 s 回波反演的有效波高比较，利用该方法可将有效波高观测分辨率提高约15 倍，精度约为0.44 m；利用HY-2 高度计20 Hz 波形数据反演的有效波高精度可靠，可用其进行高分辨率的相关海洋研究。

关键词： HY-2 有效波高反演算法高分辨率